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In this work, API gravity, kinematic viscosity and water content were determined in petroleum oil using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy with attenuated total reflectance (FT-IR/ATR). Support vector regression (SVR) was used as the non-linear multivariate calibration procedure and partial least squares regression (PLS) as the linear procedure. In SVR models, the multiplication of the spectra...
Several Ni–Mo based catalysts with Mo content from 1wt% to 7wt% were prepared by the impregnation method with MCM-41 as the support. The effect of Mo content on the activity of the catalyst was investigated for syngas methanation in a fixed-bed reactor. The addition of MoO 3 could obviously improve catalytic activity of Ni/M catalyst at low temperature of 250°C with the CO conversion and the...
This study has investigated the hydrotreatment of bio-oil (derived from the fast pyrolysis of mallee woody biomass) in a batch reactor under 10MPa pressure with Pd/C catalyst at temperatures between 150°C and 300°C. Our results indicate that the chemical fractions, coking tendency as well as the aromatic structures are highly influenced by the hydrotreating conditions such as temperature and time...
The aim of this work was to study separation of hydrogen from the main components of syngas, i.e. synthesis gas from gasification of e.g. coal, biomass or wastes. Experiments were performed in a bench-scale facility designed to treat up to 2m 3 h −1 (STP) at 873K, and 1.2MPa. A Pd-based membrane (O.D.=0.0254m; L=0.15m) from CRI Catalyst Co., US was used.Firstly the membrane was tested...
Within the realm of renewable energies, biomass will play a fundamental role in the coming years, especially due to the rise in the prices of fossil fuels, the doubtful safety of nuclear energy, and the need to reduce CO 2 emissions.In Almería (SE Spain), a million tonnes of plant wastes are generated per year from greenhouse crops such as Cucurbita pepo L., Cucumis sativus L., Solanum melongena...
In recent years coal-fired power plants have increased their role in the global energy scenario and in this framework environmental issues require a sustainable use of coal and great efforts for greenhouse gas reduction.With this aim, this paper reports on a comparative performance assessment of two power generation technologies: the Ultra Super Critical (USC) steam plant and the Integrated Gasification...
A methane–air flat flame reactor was designed to study the initial stages of combustion through flash pyrolysis of biomass and factors contributing to particulate emissions were examined. Six different types of biomass, Prosopis juliflora, cotton stalk, poplar, applewood, oak, and cherry wood were pyrolysed in a methane–air flat flame at various moisture contents. Particulate matter formed was characterized...
Research on fly ash resistivity at low temperature has been studied a lot, but there are few experimental researches on fly ash resistivity at the temperature above 673K. Eight samples were selected to be investigated. By DR2-1000 dust resistivity tester, experimental resistivity data of the fly ashes at high temperature were achieved. The experimental results at temperature of 673–1273K were discussed...
Hydraulic fracturing of horizontal wells is crucial for economic production of shale gas. Impacts of gas desorption and geomechanics in hydraulic fractures on ultimate gas recovery are not clearly understood and systematically investigated. In this paper, we perform history matching with two field gas production data from Barnett Shale and Marcellus Shale, and first analyze the positive contribution...
Carbonaceous catalysts derived from sugarcane bagasse (SCB), cellulose and lignin were synthesized by three different methods using slow pyrolysis and subsequent sulfonation. The synthesized catalysts were used for hydrolysis of lignocellulose and cassava starch. The catalysts synthesized from SCB 100 mesh (type I) and lignin (type II) were highly active for hydrolysis of SCB (70 mesh), cellulose...
In this work two different types of materials, potassium carbonate promoted hydrotalcites and natural dolomites, have been investigated at laboratory scale to select the most promising sorbent to be used in a water gas shift membrane reactor (WGSMR). Sorbents were prepared by calcination in the temperature range of 500–800°C. Two experimental campaigns were carried out, the first one in a thermobalance...
Olive pomace oil is a by-product from the olive oil industry that is still being used in the food industry as a low value vegetable oil. Crude olive pomace oil needs to be refined and is blended with virgin olive oils before being used as edible oil. The detection of toxic compounds led to more restricted legislation and to the search of alternative valorisation processes, such as hydrotreating to...
Gasoline may contain additives which can minimize the amount of pollutants emitted to the atmosphere. Detergents and dispersants added to gasoline can reduce gas emissions towards atmosphere and the formation of deposits in engines. The Brazilian Agency of Petroleum, Natural Gas and Biofuel (ANP) has established that Brazilian commercial gasoline must contain detergent and dispersant additives, thus...
In this study, microorganisms were isolated from Mihaliccik region (Eskisehir, Turkey) lignites with low rank and high ash and sulphur content.A series of heavy liquids (from 1.3g/ml to 1.9g/ml) were used to determine the washability characteristics of lignite sample. Washability data indicated that the physical cleaning of the sample would be difficult. Therefore, microbial desulphurization through...
Productively reusing the waste residuals from energy production is an essential component in sustainable disposal and management of energy related waste. In the US, the world’s second largest producer of coal next to China, over 118 million tons of coal combustion by-products are produced each year; only 44% of which are productively reused. In recent decades, advances in lowering CO 2 , SO...
Effect of different preparation methods of MoO 3 /Al 2 O 3 catalysts on the existing states of Mo species and hydrodesulfurization activity was investigated. A series of supported Mo catalysts were prepared by equilibrium adsorption method (at 298K or at 373K) and incipient wetness impregnation method, with ammonium heptamolybdate as Mo precursor, γ-alumina and pseudo-boehmite...
For a fluidized-bed gasifier, reaction conditions vary along the height of the reactor. Hence, the steam injection location may have a considerable effect on the syngas quality. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of steam injection location and steam-to-biomass ratio (SBR) on the syngas quality generated from an air–steam gasification of switchgrass in a 2–5kg/h autothermal...
The effect of CO 2 introduction in a biomass fast pyrolysis process at 850°C was investigated. It was found that CO 2 impacts the final gas yield and composition, and the char yield and properties. Introducing CO 2 in the pyrolysis medium alongside nitrogen enhanced CO production as a result of homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions of CO 2 with gases, tars and char...
In the present work catalytic reactivity of polyaniline protonated with organo-sulfonic acids, namely methanosulfonic (MSA-Pani), camphorosulfonic (CSA-Pani) and lignosulfonic (LG-Pani) acids was evaluated for the transesterification of triglycerides (triacetin, castor oil) and esterification of fatty acid (ricinoleic) with methanol. Their reactivity was also compared with previously studied alkyl-free...
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